AVIF is a new image format derived from the keyframes of AV1 video. It’s a royalty-free format, and it’s already supported in Chrome 85 on desktop. Android support will be added soon, Firefox is working on an implementation, and although it took Safari 10 years to add WebP support, I don’t think we’ll see the same delay here, as Apple are a member of the group that created AV1.

Roughly speaking, at an acceptable quality, the WebP is almost half the size of JPEG, and AVIF is under half the size of WebP. I find it incredible that AVIF can do a good job of the image in just 18 kB.

source: L

Certificate Transparency (CT) is a still-evolving technology for detecting incorrectly issued certificates on the web. It’s cool and interesting, but complicated. I’ve given talks about CT, I’ve worked on Chrome’s CT implementation, and I’m actively involved in tackling ongoing deployment challenges – even so, I still sometimes lose track of how the pieces fit together. I find it easy to forget how the system defends against particular attacks, or what the purpose of some particular mechanism is.

source: green

Every time there is another JWS/JWT vulnerability involving “alg“:“none” (like today, lolsob), people focus on the “none” part. But the real problem is the “alg” part.

source: white

In short, I enjoy and appreciate The Times. And after paying over $300 a year for nearly a decade, and having read the Times on a near-daily basis for my entire adult life, I feel I qualify as a good customer. And they repay me by deliberately annoying me several times a day, every day, when I attempt to read the product I’m paying them for. How could one not find this outrageously annoying?

source: DF

This post highlights a few powerful lines of CSS that do some serious heavy lifting and help you build robust modern layouts.

source: L

Obviously, to do stuff like this, you need to generate certificates. The reasonable way to do that in 2020 is with LetsEncrypt. We do that for our users automatically, but “it just works” makes for a pretty boring writeup, so let’s see how complicated and meandering I can make this.

It’s time to talk about certificate infrastructure.

source: L

I think Google’s result of 25-34% smaller files is mostly caused by the fact that they compared their WebP encoder to the JPEG reference implementation, Independent JPEG Group’s cjpeg, not Mozilla’s improved MozJPEG encoder. I decided to run some tests to see how cjpeg, MozJPEG and WebP compare. I also tested the new AVIF format, based on the open AV1 video codec. AVIF support is already in Firefox behind a flag and should be coming soon to Chrome if this ticket is to be believed.

source: HN

It is clear that it is still painful to develop a website or web app that works reliably across browsers.

source: HN

A lot of stuff on the Internet is currently broken on account of a Sectigo root certificate expiring at 10:48:38 UTC today. Generally speaking, this is affecting older, non-browser clients (notably OpenSSL 1.0.x) which talk to TLS servers which serve a Sectigo certificate chain ending in the expired certificate. See also this Twitter thread by Ryan Sleevi.

https://twitter.com/sleevi_/status/1266647545675210753

source: HN

In the month of April, I found a zero-day in Sign in with Apple that affected third-party applications which were using it and didn’t implement their own additional security measures. This bug could have resulted in a full account takeover of user accounts on that third party application irrespective of a victim having a valid Apple ID or not.

source: HN

Pi-hole is affected by a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. An authenticated user of the Web portal can execute arbitrary command with the underlying server with the privileges of the local user executing the service. Exploitation of this vulnerability can be automated.

Neat trick to get around input restrictions:

Luckily for us, the PATH contains the strings “pihole” and “usr” which in turn contains the “p”, “h” and “r” lower-case characters. Those are the only letters we need to write “php -r”.

source: HN

Recently, I was tipped off about certain sites performing localhost port scans against visitors, presumably as part of a user fingerprinting and tracking or bot detection. This didn’t sit well with me, so I went about investigating the practice, and it seems many sites are port scanning visitors for dubious reasons.

source: HN

The way it originally worked is that you would sign up with your email, and to login a “magic link” with a secret token would be emailed to you, which will set the cookie and log you in. I did it like this after a suggestions/discussion at Lobste.rs last year, and I thought it would be easier to implement (it’s not) and easier for users (it’s not).

source: L

Dubious copyright claims citing 1998 law led the search giant to make unfavorable articles vanish

Google removed search links to the Vietnamese-language article after someone identifying as Long Hoang filed a complaint claiming the piece violated the copyright on an identical blog post about the tourists dated October 20, 2019, more than four months before the unnamed Britons visited. The blog consists of only eight posts, all cited in copyright complaints filed with Google.

I am alone in my apartment, as always, and I’ve just replaced my left eyeball with an orange springing out of its peel. A mile away, a friend, also home alone, is taking her seat—every seat, actually—at the table in The Last Supper, yelling as the camera pans down the row of disciples and her face replaces that of one man after another. Another friend is watching a mouse dressed as the Pope dance across her kitchen floor. A third is smiling while a strange man wraps his arms around his throat.

A hands-on beginner’s guide to what CSRF attacks are and how to prevent them.

source: R

We were never supposed to be able to do what most publishers and tech companies do today. In fact, what if I were to tell you that the original specification for how cookies should be implemented in browsers pretty much defined what GDPR is today?

Imagine back to a time when people thought user agents would be agents for the user.

source: L

This document provides a gentle introduction to the data structures and formats that define the certificates used in HTTPS. It should be accessible to anyone with a little bit of computer science experience and a bit of familiarity with certificates.

“Gentle.”

source: L

We ported our React frontend from JavaScript to TypeScript, but left the backend in Ruby. Eventually, we ported the backend to TypeScript too.

With the Ruby backend, we sometimes forgot that a particular API property held an array of strings, not a single string. Sometimes we changed a piece of the API that was referenced in multiple places but forgot to update one of those places. These are normal dynamic language problems in any system whose tests don’t have 100% test coverage. (And it will still happen even with 100% coverage; it’s just less likely.)

The story of how I gained unauthorized Camera access on iOS and macOS

We are beginning to form the attack plan - if we can somehow trick Safari into thinking our evil website is in the “secure context” of a trusted website, we can leverage Safari’s camera permission to access the webcam via the mediaDevices API.